Spreadsheet BasicsSpreadsheet Basics
0 of 6 lessons

Self-paced learning

Spreadsheet Basics

Build, calculate, and check a useful spreadsheet

47 min 3 modules · 6 lessons Beginner

By the end you'll be able to

  • Enter and organize data in rows and columns
  • Write basic formulas using cell references
  • Use common functions to summarize a range of values
  • Format a spreadsheet so its contents are easier to read
  • Check formulas and data for common errors

Your guide

Maya Chen — Data skills instructor

Maya teaches practical spreadsheet skills to people who work with everyday business data.

Fictional instructor and course, generated for this demo.

Module 1 · Set up a clear worksheet

Read 8 minLesson 1 of 6

Understand the worksheet grid

Find your way around cells and enter a small, consistent table.

In this lesson

  • Identify a cell by its column letter and row number
  • Arrange related records in a table

A worksheet is a grid of columns and rows. Their intersection is a cell. Column letters and row numbers identify each cell: column B and row 3 meet at B3.

For a simple expense table, put one field in each column, such as Date, Item, and Amount. Put one record in each row. Use a single header row and avoid blank rows inside the table.

Create a small table

  1. 1
    Add headers

    Enter Date, Item, and Amount in cells A1, B1, and C1.

  2. 2
    Add records

    Enter one expense per row, keeping each value under the matching header.

  3. 3
    Keep entries consistent

    Use the same date style and currency unit throughout the table.

Module 1 · Set up a clear worksheet

Try it 7 minLesson 2 of 6

Choose useful formats

Make dates, amounts, and labels easier to scan.

In this lesson

  • Apply a number format that matches the data
  • Distinguish presentation from the stored value

Number formats change how values appear, not the underlying value. A date may be displayed as 12 Mar or 12/03/2025, and a number may be displayed as currency. Use a format that makes the meaning clear.

Use formatting sparingly. Bold headers, a readable column width, and consistent number formats usually help more than many colors or decorative effects.

Format by data type

  • Dates: apply a date format rather than typing extra words into each cell.
  • Money: use a currency format and keep the same currency throughout.
  • Counts: use whole numbers unless decimal values matter.
  • Labels: keep names and categories as text.
Knowledge checkYou have a column of prices that should add correctly. What is the best approach?

← Back to: Understand the worksheet grid

Module 2 · Calculate with formulas

Try it 9 minLesson 3 of 6

Write formulas with cell references

Build calculations that update when their input values change.

In this lesson

  • Start a formula with an equals sign
  • Use cell references in an arithmetic calculation

A spreadsheet formula begins with an equals sign. For example, if a price is in B2 and a quantity is in C2, enter =B2*C2 to calculate the line total. The asterisk means multiply; the slash means divide.

Cell references are more reliable than typing the input values directly into a formula. If B2 changes, a formula referring to B2 can recalculate automatically.

Calculate a line total

  1. 1
    Add input columns

    Create headers for Item, Price, Quantity, and Line total.

  2. 2
    Enter a formula

    In the first Line total cell, multiply the Price cell by the Quantity cell, such as =B2*C2.

  3. 3
    Check the result

    Change the quantity and confirm that the line total updates.

← Back to: Choose useful formats

Module 2 · Calculate with formulas

Try it 8 minLesson 4 of 6

Summarize a range

Use SUM, AVERAGE, MIN, and MAX to describe a set of numbers.

In this lesson

  • Choose a function for a simple summary
  • Select the intended range of cells

Functions perform common calculations. SUM adds values, AVERAGE finds their arithmetic mean, MIN returns the smallest value, and MAX returns the largest. A range such as D2:D10 means cells D2 through D10.

For example, =SUM(D2:D10) adds the values in that range. Check that the range includes the data rows you intend and does not accidentally include a label or unrelated value.

Match the question to a function

  • Total spent: SUM
  • Typical value by arithmetic mean: AVERAGE
  • Smallest recorded value: MIN
  • Largest recorded value: MAX
Knowledge checkWhich formula adds the values from cells C2 through C8?

← Back to: Write formulas with cell references

Module 3 · Review and improve your data

Try it 8 minLesson 5 of 6

Sort and filter a table

Find records without separating values from their rows.

In this lesson

  • Sort records by a chosen field
  • Filter a table to show matching records

Sorting changes the order of records. Filtering temporarily hides records that do not match a condition. Before sorting or filtering, select the full table or use the application's table feature so values in each row stay together.

A filter can show only expenses from one category or only dates within a chosen period. Clear the filter to see all records again.

Find records in a table

  1. 1
    Select the table

    Include the header row and every column that belongs to the records.

  2. 2
    Sort or filter

    Sort a field to reorder records, or set a filter condition to show matching rows.

  3. 3
    Verify the table

    Check that each record's values remain on the same row and clear filters when finished.

← Back to: Summarize a range

Module 3 · Review and improve your data

Read 7 minLesson 6 of 6

Check a spreadsheet before sharing

Inspect inputs, formulas, and results for common problems.

In this lesson

  • Spot common causes of incorrect results
  • Use a simple review routine before sharing

A correct-looking result can still come from an incorrect range or an inconsistent input. Look for blank cells in required fields, duplicate records, unexpected text in number columns, and formulas that refer to the wrong row.

Test a formula with a small known example. If a total should be 10 + 5, confirm the result is 15. Then review the formula and its referenced cells rather than relying on appearance alone.

Quick review routine

  • Confirm that each column has one clear header.
  • Check that dates and numbers use consistent formats.
  • Inspect a few formulas and verify their referenced cells.
  • Compare summary results with a small manual calculation.
  • Remove filters or note that the view is filtered.
Knowledge checkA total seems too small after you add new rows. What should you check first?

← Back to: Sort and filter a table

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Spreadsheet Basics

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completed 3 modules and 6 lessons (47 min) of self-paced study.

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